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Aerial Application Certificate (CAP414)
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Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) booklet containing information on requirements to be met by applicants and holders of the aerial application certificates. Includes general legal requirements, charges, certification, operational and application manual, administration and training requirements, and chemical information. CAA, CAP414, ISBN 0 86039 864 1, April 2002.
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Alternaria blotches on apples and pears (PB5002)
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Photographic and descriptive information regarding EC listed disease alternaria on apples and pear crops. Defra, Reference QIC 51, PB5002, 2000.
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Badger problems: Use of electric fencing to prevent agricultural damage (TIN027)
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The European badger (Meles meles) is widely distributed throughout mainland Britain which now supports some of the highest densities of badgers in Europe. Unfortunately, certain aspects of badger behaviour can cause problems for agriculture. In most cases, these are primarily of nuisance value. However, under some circumstances badgers can cause serious damage and in these situations, management action may be necessary. Natural England, TIN027, 5 November 2007.
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Badgers: Problems with badgers in rural areas (TIN005)
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Great Britain supports some of the highest densities of badgers Meles meles in Europe, with over 30 per square kilometre in some areas. National surveys carried out in the 1980s and 1990s showed that the population increased by 77% over this period. It is therefore not surprising that problems do sometimes occur. These can range from damage to agricultural land or crops, to undermining farm buildings or flood defences. The excavation of setts under roads and railways can be a risk to vehicles and human safety. Equally, normal agricultural, forestry or flood defence operations can sometimes have an impact on badger setts. Badgers are afforded legal protection, and penalties for offences can involve heavy fines or a prison sentence, so it is important that anyone working in the countryside is aware of how to work within the legislation. Natural England, TIN005, 4 September 2007.
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Bemisia tabaci - the tobacco whitefly (also known as the silverleaf or sweet potato whitefly) (PB11620)
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This Defra Plant Health Division document provides details about Bemisia tabaci - the tobacco whitefly (also known as the silverleaf or sweet potato whitefly), one of the most widespread pests around the world and is capable of causing severe crop damage, not only from its feeding but also because of its ability to spread viruses. Defra, PB11620, 2006.
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Birds: A guide to cage-trapping birds in premises to preserve public health or public safety (TIN071)
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The trapping of all wild birds is prohibited by the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981. This guidance note is for use only by persons acting under the authority of a licence issued by Natural England which permits the use of traps to catch wild birds, and then only for the species of wild bird specified in the licence. The guidance is applicable to trapping undertaken by persons authorised to use General Licence WML Gen L35. Natural England, TIN071, 18 December 2009.
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Birds: Problems on livestock units (TIN031)
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Livestock units often attract large numbers of wild birds. Before taking action to resolve the problem, it is recommended that a risk assessment be undertaken that considers the impacts. This note provides further information on the subject. Natural England, TIN031, 16 November 2007.
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Blackgrass management in organic systems
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This is a short leaflet outlining the nature of blackgrass problems, general biology, prevention and control. It is an output from a Defra research project on the topic. Published by HDRA, 2005.
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Bullfinches: Preventing damage to fruit (TIN032)
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The overall population of bullfinches has declined since the 1970s and this has led to concerns regarding the status of this species. A Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) has been implemented in the UK to support its recovery and this includes the target to: Promote the bullfinch as a species in need of conservation assistance. However, bullfinches can inflict serious damage on commercial fruit crops by eating the buds of orchard trees and bushes. This information note provides guidance on how damage can be minimised. Natural England, TIN032, 17 May 2010.
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Citrus longhorn beetle (Anoplophora chinensis)
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The citrus longhorn beetle (Anoplophora chinensis) is a damaging quarantine pest of a range of trees and shrubs. The natural range of the beetle includes China, Japan and other countries in South East Asia. Citrus longhorn beetles have been moving around the world on ornamental trees imported from Asia. They are a threat to horticulture, forestry and woodland trees in the UK and also to citrus production in the Mediterranean. This leaflet provides details on what to look for; what does it look like and what are the symptoms; what are the hosts; how can they be controlled. Defra, Central Science Laboratory and Forestry Commission, 2006.
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Colorado Beetle - Keep it out of Britain (PB2185)
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The Colorado beetle is not established in the UK and is a notifiable quarantine pest, whose introduction is prohibited under the EC Single Market Protected zone arrangements for Plant Health. This leaflet will aid identification & explains what needs to be done if the beetle is discovered in the UK. This link also provides access to a photo gallery for the Colorado Beetle. Defra, PB2185, 1998.
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Controlling grey squirrel damage to woodlands (FCPN4)
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A Forestry Commission Practice Note about the damage grey squirrels can cause to trees and woodland and methods of control, including live trapping, poisoning and tunnel trapping. Forestry Commission, FCPN004, April 2004.
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Crop Spraying and the Health of Residents and Bystanders
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A report by the Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution (RCEP) for Defra on the potential effect that spraying crops with pesticides could have on the health of residents and bystanders adjacent to sprayed fields. September 2005. Also includes response from the Advisory Committee on Pesticides (December 2005) and the Government's Response to the Report (PB12024, July 2006).
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Deer: Managing deer in the countryside (FCPN6)
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A document about managing deer in the countryside including the need to manage deer, recognising deer damage, comparisons with other animals, deer management principles and methods and identification. Forestry Commission , FCPN006, July 1999.
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Deer: problems in urban and suburban areas (TIN044)
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Most deer species are increasing in numbers and extending their range, notably in lowland regions, with the overall English deer population estimated to be in excess of 300,000 animals. In some cases, this growth in numbers has resulted in deer moving into the urban/suburban environment and brought them into conflict with people in the form of garden damage and road traffic accidents. Gardens can be particularly attractive to deer because they provide much more variety of food in a concentrated area than most woodlands or farms. They also provide an excellent source of shelter from inclement weather. The most problematic of the six deer species to the urban/suburban environment are roe, muntjac and fallow and this leaflet is primarily focussed on the prevention of damage caused by these species. Natural England, TIN044, 3 June 2008.
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